The present study aimed to examine the contextual governance factors influencing the success of Iranian Paralympians in international events, employing a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 13 managers, coaches, and experts in the field of the Paralympic movement using purposive sampling and were analyzed inductively. The findings indicated that components such as sport policy-making and governance, standard resources and infrastructure, the education system, talent development and athlete progression pathways, sport communication and diplomacy, support mechanisms, media awareness and representation, and cultural and social frameworks play a fundamental role in Iran’s Paralympic success on the global stage. The final analysis suggests that this success extends beyond mere athletic achievements and is the outcome of a structured and systematic process grounded in strategic policy-making, macro-level planning, and synergy among various levels of governance, institution-building, resource allocation, and human and cultural capacity building.